Atatürk then embarked upon a program of political, economic, and cultural reforms, seeking to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern and secular nation-state. Having established a provisional government in Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Allies, eventually leading to victory in the Turkish War of Independence. Following the Empire's defeat and subsequent dissolution, he led the Turkish National Movement in the Turkish War of Independence. Ītatürk was a career military officer in the Ottoman Empire, rising to the rank of general during World War I. His surname, Atatürk (meaning "Father of the Turks"), was granted to him in 1934 and forbidden to any other person by the Turkish parliament. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( pronounced ( conventional) – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and founder of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President from 1923 until his death in 1938. Salonica, Salonica Vilayet, Ottoman EmpireĮthnography Museum, Ankara (21 November 1938 – 10 November 1953)Īnıtkabir, Ankara (from 10 November 1953) 1st Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey
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